Anaxarchus of Abdera
Anaximander (c. 610 – c. 546 BCE)
Anaximenes of Miletus
Archimedes
Aristotle (384–322 BCE)
Athenagoras of Athens (c. 133 – 190), early Christian apologist
Celsus
Democritus (born 460 BCE)
Diogenes of Sinope (412–323 BCE)
Empedocles (490–430 BCE)
Epictetus (55 – c. 135)
Epicurus (341–270 BCE)
Epimenides
Eratosthenes
Gregory of Nazianzus
Gregory of Nyssa
Hecataeus
Heraclitus
Hypatia of Alexandria (died 415)
Irenaeus
Leucippus
Parmenides
Pherecydes
Plato (c. 427 – c. 347 BCE)
Plethon,(c. 1355 – 1452)
Plotinus
Protagoras
Pythagoras (582–496 BCE)
Socrates (470–399 BCE)
Thales of Miletus (c. 624 – 547 BCE)
Theagenes
Theophrastus
Xenophanes
Zeno of Citium (333–264 BCE)
Zeno of Elea (c. 495 – c. 430 BC)
Modern Greek Philosophers
Adamantios Korais or Coraïs (Greek: Αδαμάντιος Κοραής) (27 April 1748 – 6 April 1833) was a humanist scholar credited with laying the foundations of Modern Greek literature and a major figure in the Greek Enlightenment. His activities paved the way for the Greek War of Independence and emergence of a purified form of the Greek language, known as Katharevousa. Encyclopaedia Britannica asserts that "his influence on the modern Greek language and culture has been compared to that of Dante on Italian and Martin Luther on German".
Anthimos Gazis ('Aνθιμος Γαζῆς) was a scholar, a philosopher during the Greek Enlightenment, a cartographer and one of the heroes of the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire. He was born in Milies (Thessalia) in Greece in 1758 and died in 1828. His real name was Anastasios Gazalis.
Gazis studied in Greece and then he went to Constantinople where he was ordained priest.He became rector of the Greek Church of Vienna in 1797. In 1811 he received his Diploma from the “Philological Institute of Bucharest”. In 1813 Gazis was elected a Member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. His efforts were concentrated to the development of a higher education system in Greece. In 1821, he was the main figure of the Resurrection of Thessalia against the Ottomans.
He was the editor of the very first periodical in Greek, published in Vienna (The "Logios Ermis"). In 1799, he translated and published the Benjamin Martin’s “Philosophical Grammar”.
Gazis published in 1800 Vienna a map of Greece and the Balkans called [[Pinax Geographikos tes Hellados]]. It is a reduced edition of the famous map of Rigas Feraios (the Charta of Greece). He edited also a worldmap called Atlas e charte geographikes ton dyo Hemisphairion..., owned today by the National Library of Australia.
Fotis Vassileiou and Barbara Saribalidou published a book in 2006 concerning his contribution to the European higher education and lifelong learning.
Nikos Kazantzakis (Greek: Νίκος Καζαντζάκης) (February 18, 1883, Heraklion, Crete, Ottoman Empire - October 26, 1957, Freiburg, Germany) was arguably the most important and most translated Greek writer and philosopher of the 20th century. Yet he did not become well known globally until the 1964 release of the Michael Cacoyannis film Zorba the Greek, based on Kazantzakis' novel whose English translation has the same title.
Kostas Axelos (Κώστας Αξελός) (June 26, 1924 – February 4, 2010) — also spelled Costas Axelos — was a Greek philosopher. He was born in Athens and attended high school at the French Institute and the German School of Athens. He enrolled in the law school in order to pursue studies in law and economics. With the onset of World War II Alexos got involved in politics. Then during the German and Italian occupation he participated in the Greek Resistance, and later on in the Greek Civil War, as an organiser and journalist affiliated with the Communist Party (1941–1945). He was later expelled from the Communist Party and condemned to death by the right-wing government. He was arrested and escaped.
At the end of 1945 Axelos moved to Paris, France, where he studied philosophy at the Sorbonne. From 1950 to 1957 he worked as a researcher in the philosophy branch of C.R.N.S, where he was writing his dissertations, and subsequently proceeded to work in Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes. From 1962 to 1973 he taught philosophy at the Sorbonne. His dissertation "Marx, penseur de la technique" (translated as "Alienation, Praxis and Techne in the Thought of Karl Marx") tried to provide an understanding of modern technology based on the thought of Heidegger and Marx and was very influential in the 1960s, alongside the philosophy of Herbert Marcuse.
Axelos was a collaborator on, columnist with, and subsequently editor of the magazine Arguments (1956–1962). He founded and, since 1960, has run the series Arguments in Edition de Minuit. He has published texts mostly in French, but also in Greek and German. His most important book is "Le Jeu du Monde" (Play of the World), where Axelos argues for a pre-ontological status of play.
Cornelius Castoriadis (Greek: Κορνήλιος Καστοριάδης, March 11, 1922-December 26, 1997) was a Greek-philosopher, economist and psychoanalyst. Author of the The Imaginary Institution of Society, co-founder of the Socialisme ou Barbarie group and 'philosopher of autonomy'.
Nicos Poulantzas (Greek: Νίκος Πουλαντζάς; 30 September 1936 – 3 October 1979) was a Greek Marxist political sociologist. In the 1970s, Poulantzas was known, along with Louis Althusser, as a leading Structural Marxist and, while at first a Leninist, eventually became a proponent of eurocommunism. He is most well-known for his theoretical work on the state. But he also offered Marxist contributions to the analysis of fascism, social class in the contemporary world, and the collapse of the dictatorships in Southern Europe in the 1970s (e.g. Franco's rule in Spain, Salazar's in Portugal, and Papadopoulos's in Greece).
Ioannis Theodorakopoulos (Greek: Ἰωάννης Θεοδωρακόπουλος; born in 1900 in Vassaras, Lakonia - died in 1981 in Athens) was a Greek philosopher. In 1920 Theodoracopoulos traveled to Vienna to study Classical Philology and Philosophy. Subsequently, he continued his studies of philosophy in Heidelberg and receives in 1925 his Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of Heidelberg.
In 1929, together with professors Konstantinos Tsatsos and Panayotis Kanellopoulos established the "Archive of Philosophy and Theory of Science" and was appointed as professor at the University of Thessaloniki (1933-1939), and at the University of Athens (1939-1968). Since 1950, and throughout these appointments, Theodoracopoulos also taught at the School of Political Science of Panteios University. He served twice as Minister of Education and Religion under the respective premierships of Kanellopoulos (1945) and Paraskeuopoulos (1966).
In 1960 he became a regular member of the Athens Academy and became its President in 1963 and Secretary General 1966-1981. In 1975 he established the Liberal School of Philosophy "Plethon" in his home town of Magoula-Sparta in Lakonia, organising international conferences and symposia. These highly successful events drew participants from all over Greece and Theodoracopoulos himself taught a series of seminars up to his death. Theodorakopoulos was published widely including 53 books and copious articles.
Christos Yiannaras (Greek: Χρήστος Γιανναράς, also transliterated Giannaras) is an important Greek philosopher and writer of more than 50 books, translated into many languages.
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